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Resilienza e sicurezza delle infrastrutture critiche nel contesto italiano ed europeo

16/10/2024

Risks and threats to the resilience of critical infrastructures (IC) have evolved and now include an increased frequency of natural disasters due to climate emergency, but also industrial accidents, cyber and kinetic attacks. Furthermore, the occurrence of emergency events often characterised by cross-border impacts, and the European and not only the national dimension of many critical infrastructures, have highlighted the need for a strong cooperation between EU member states in order to ensure common and coordinated management at the European level. The adoption of the Directive 2022/2057 on the resilience of critical entities (CER), which came into force on 16 January 2023, has introduced significant innovations in this area. This study focuses on the relevance of critical infrastructures in the current context, on the characteristics of the ecosystem in which ICs operate in the EU, as well as on the implications on their security deriving from events such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, or foreign direct investments by third parties. The study then reviews the new sectors covered by the CER Directive and analyses its main elements, also considering the challenges for its implementation. Finally, the study focuses on the adoption of the directive in Italy.