Fighting Environmental Crime in Europe. An Assessment of Trends, Players and Action

Acknowledgments
Reading Guide
Main findings

1. Overview
1.1 The definition issue
1.2 Trends and estimates
1.3 Sectors involved and types of envicrime
1.3.1 Waste, trafficking and illegal disposal
1.3.2 Wildlife trafficking
1.3.3 Poaching
1.3.4 Pollution
1.3.5 Timber trade and illegal logging
1.3.6 Trade of toxic substances, emissions fraud and new environmental crimes

2. Legislative and institutional framework
2.1 General outline
2.2 National level
2.2.1 National institutional frameworks: Law enforcement authorities
2.2.2 National institutional frameworks: Administrative authorities
2.2.3 Legal frameworks and administrative vs. criminal focus
2.2.4 Prosecution of companies
2.2.5 The way forward
2.3 Actors at the international and EU level
2.3.1 European level
2.3.2 Networks and intra-agency cooperation
2.3.3 Cooperation outside the EU
2.4 Civil society

3. Obstacles
3.1 General outline
3.2 Transnationality
3.3 Missing legislative tools
3.4 Missing operative tools

4. In depth
4.1 In depth: The EU debate
4.1.1 New EU environmental legislation
4.1.2 The need for a new enforcement
4.1.3 The new Directive on environmental crime
4.1.4 The future role of the EU
4.2 In depth: Technology
4.2.1 Drones
4.2.2 Apps
4.2.3 Satellite imagery
4.2.4 Networked sensors and other instruments
4.3 In depth: Financial crime and new environmental crimes
4.4 In depth: Organised crime groups
4.5 In depth: Cybercrime

5. Country and institutional fiches
European agencies
Europol
Eurojust
Frontex
EU member states

6. References
6.1 Workshops and questionnaire
6.2 Desk research

Annexes
Notes