La intersección entre inteligencia artificial y armas nucleares: riesgos, beneficios y recomendaciones

Technological innovation has been key to the evolution of military defence, enabling States to gain strategic advantage, as happened in 1945 with the atomic bomb. Today, artificial intelligence (AI) is driving a similar revolution. Although its primary use is in the civilian and business sectors, several countries are integrating it into their military capabilities to gain strategic superiority. AI has already been successfully applied to drones and big data analytics, but it is also beginning to be applied to nuclear weapons systems, with potentially unpredictable consequences. This article examines the impact of AI on nuclear weapons, focusing on command and control systems, and its implications for the global strategic balance. It defines AI, analyses its historical use in the Cold War by the United States and the Soviet Union, and assesses its current applications. Finally, it proposes recommendations to mitigate the risks associated with its integration into the nuclear domain.