Routes of dètente: maritime security and cooperation scenarios through the Red Sea

In recent months, the Red Sea has become a focal point of the expanding conflict between Israel and Hamas, with repercussions not only on the stability of the Middle East but also on global trade. Following Hamas’s attack on Israel and Israel’s offensive in Gaza, the Yemeni Houthi group has intensified attacks on ships and commercial vessels in the Red Sea, forcing many shipping companies to alter their routes. In response to these developments, and with the aim of protecting commercial routes in the Red Sea, the European Union launched the maritime security operation Aspides.

Against this backdrop, the project aims to explore how Italy can contribute to de-escalation in the Middle East through its role in ensuring maritime security in the Red Sea. The research focuses on two main areas: analysing the effectiveness of the Aspides operation in securing maritime routes, and assessing the impact of maritime security on regional and international stability. Special attention is given to understanding the political and security dynamics among the key actors involved, including Iran, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Yemen, and global powers such as the European Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

The project adopts a holistic and integrated approach, taking into account the interests and security perceptions of all state and non-state actors involved, and aims to develop policy recommendations and operational strategies that can guide Italy and the European Union in strengthening maritime security and promoting regional stability.

Funding: Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.