The Italy-Libya Memorandum of Understanding: The baseline of a policy approach aimed at closing all doors to Europe?

On 2 February 2017 a Memorandum of Understanding on development cooperation, illegal immigration, human trafficking, fuel smuggling and reinforcement of border security (hereafter ‘memorandum’ or ‘MoU’), was signed between the Italian Prime Minister Gentiloni and Fayez al-Serraj, Head of the UN-backed Libyan Government of National Accord. ...